畜牧与生物技术杂志（《畜牧与饲料科学》精选双语文章推荐）畜牧研究，一看就会，

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围绕动物营养与饲料科学研究，本期精选5篇发表在《畜牧与饲料科学》上的文章，欢迎阅读！

精选文章·Selected Articles

布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶对青贮玉米秸秆品质影响研究

Effects of 颗粒机Lactobacillus buchneri and Cellulase on the Quality of Silage Corn Straw

【摘要】为研究布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶对青贮玉米秸秆粗饲料发颗粒机酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响，分别设置CK组(空白对照组)、LB组(布氏乳杆菌组)、ENZ组(纤维素酶组)及LB+ENZ组(布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶共同处理组)的玉米秸秆青贮发酵试验。发酵45 d后取样进行青颗粒机贮发酵品质感官综合评价，测定pH值、有机酸含量、微生物活菌数、水溶性碳水化合物含量、中性洗涤纤维含量及酸性洗涤纤维含量等指标。结果表明，LB组、ENZ组、LB+ENZ组感官综合评分比对照组提高20.3颗粒机1%、14.06%和25.00%;LB组和LB+ENZ组酵母菌分别降至2.23×103、7.10×102CFU/g FM，明显低于CK组和ENZ组；LB组和LB+ENZ组布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶的添加显著颗粒机(P<0.05)提高了青贮饲料中乙酸的含量，抑制丙酸的产生，显著(P<0.05)降低乳酸/乙酸值和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量；ENZ组和LB+ENZ组布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶的添加对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的颗粒机降解比较显著(P<0.05)，对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的降解无显著差异(P>0.05)，提高水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量；LB+ENZ组、LB组、ENZ组青贮玉米秸秆有氧稳定性时间较CK组分别提高了颗粒机312.36%、250.56%、87.64%，且各组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。LB和ENZ联合添加，可提高青贮玉米秸秆的发酵品质和有氧稳定性。

【Abstract】The objective of 颗粒机this study was to assess the effects of the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri and cellulase on ferm颗粒机entative quality and aerobic stability of silage corn straw. A fermentative experiment using silage 颗粒机corn straw as raw material was conducted with four groups: control group (CK), Lactobacillus buchner颗粒机i addition group (LB), cellulase addition group (ENZ), and Lactobacillus buchneri + cellulase combin颗粒机ative addition group (LB + ENZ). After a 45-day-long fermentation, the fermented silage corn straw s颗粒机amples of different groups were collected for comprehensive sensory evaluation of fermentative quali颗粒机ty. The pH value, organic acid content, viable bacterial cell count, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC颗粒机) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content were determi颗粒机ned and statistically compared. The results showed that the comprehensive sensory score of LB group,颗粒机 ENZ group and LB + ENZ group was 20.31%, 14.06% and 25.00% higher than that of CK group, respective颗粒机ly. The viable yeast counts of LB group and LB + ENZ group were decreased to 2.23 × 103 CFU/g FM and颗粒机 7.10 × 102 CFU/g FM, respectively, and both of them were obviously lower than those of CK group and颗粒机 ENZ group. Compared with CK group, LB group and LB + ENZ group had significantly ( P < 0.05) increa颗粒机sed acetic acid content, and had significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced lactic acid/acetic acid and ammon颗粒机ia nitrogen (NH3-N) content; the production of propionic acid of LB group and LB + ENZ group was als颗粒机o inhibited. Compared with CK group, ENZ group and LB + ENZ group had significantly ( P < 0.05) bett颗粒机er degradation effect on ADF, while no significant( P > 0.05) difference in degradation effect on ND颗粒机F was observed; the WSC contents of ENZ group and LB + ENZ group were elevated. The aerobic stabilit颗粒机y time of LB + ENZ group, LB group and ENZ group was increased by 312.36%, 250.56% and 87.64% compar颗粒机ed with CK group, respectively, and statistically significant ( P < 0.05) inter-group differences am颗粒机ong the four groups were observed. In conclusion, the combinative addition of Lactobacillus buchneri颗粒机 and cellulase can improve the fermentative quality and aerobic stability of silage corn straw.

小型饲颗粒机料搅拌机和平模颗粒机组合使用制备颗粒饲料的工艺研究

Development of Pelletized Feed Preparation Technology by Combinatorial Use 颗粒机of a Small Feed Blender and a Flat Die Granulator

【摘要】[目的]研究JB-300型精饲料搅拌机和300型平模颗粒机组合使用制备牛羊精补料颗粒饲料的最佳颗粒机工艺参数。[方法]测定不同搅拌时间、装载系数对饲料混合均匀度的影响；确定搅拌混合工艺参数的基础上，测定不同玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量对颗粒饲料成型率的影响。以模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度和水分含量为测定因素，以颗粒机成型率和硬度的综合加权评分值为指标，确定制备颗粒饲料的最优组合参数。[结果]搅拌时间为10 min、20 min的变异系数均显著（P<0.05）低于搅拌5 min和15 min。装载系数为80%时，变颗粒机异系数显著（P<0.05）低于装载系数为70%和60%。玉米粉碎粒度为2 mm和4 mm时，颗粒饲料成型率显著（P<0.05）高于玉米粉碎粒度为6 mm和8 mm。水分含量为10%和13%时，颗粒饲料颗粒机成型率显著（P<0.05）高于水分含量为16%和19%。影响正交试验综合加权平均分值的模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量的极差分别为18.76、1.64和3.47。[结论]JB—300型精饲料搅拌机混合颗粒机饲料最佳参数：装载系数为80%、搅拌时间为10 min；300型平模颗粒机制作精补料颗粒饲料最佳参数：模孔直径为4 mm（压缩比为6）、玉米粉碎粒度为4 mm、水分含量为13%。

【Abstract】[颗粒机Objective] To determine the best process parameters for preparing pelletized supplementary concentra颗粒机te feed of cow and sheep by combinatorial use of a concentrate blender (JB-300 type) and a flat die 颗粒机granulator (300 type). [Method] The impacts of varied mixing time and loading coefficients on feed b颗粒机lending uniformity were examined. Based on the determined process parameters of blending and mixing,颗粒机 the effects of different corn particle sizes and moisture content on the molding rate of pelletized颗粒机 feed were assessed. To determine the best combinatorial parameters for preparing pelletized feed, t颗粒机he die hole diameter, corn particle size, and moisture content were used as base measurement factors颗粒机, and the comprehensive weighted score of molding rate and hardness were used as the evaluative inde颗粒机x in the orthogonal test. [Result] When the blending time was set to 10 min or 20 min, the variation颗粒机 coefficients were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those when it was set to 5 min or 15 min. The颗粒机 variation coefficient was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when the loading coefficient was 80% than 颗粒机that when it was 70% or 60%. The molding rate of pelletized feed was significantly ( P < 0.05) highe颗粒机r when the corn particle size was 2 mm or 4 mm than that when it was 6 mm or 8 mm. When the moisture颗粒机 content was 10% or 13%, the molding rate of pelletized feed was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher th颗粒机an that when it was 16% or 19%. The extreme differences in die hole diameter, corn particle size, an颗粒机d moisture content affecting the comprehensive weighted average score of the orthogonal test were 18颗粒机.76, 1.64, and 3.47, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimal parameters of the JB-300 type concentrat颗粒机e blender for feed mixing were loading at 80% and mixing for 10 min. The die hole diameter of 4 mm (颗粒机compression ratio of 6), the corn particle size of 4 mm, and moisture content of 13% were the best s颗粒机pecifications of the 300-type flat die granulator for preparing pelletized supplementary concentrate颗粒机.

不同水平葡萄籽渣对西门塔尔牛体外产气量、发酵参数、营养物质消化率和生长性能的影响

Effects of Different Levels of Grape Seed Pomace on in Vi颗粒机tro Gas Production, Fermentation Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Simmen颗粒机tal Cattle

【摘要】[目的]研究用不同水平葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕对西门塔尔牛体外瘤胃发酵产气量、营养物质体外消化率、发酵参数及生长性能的影响。[方法]试验采用模拟瘤胃体外培颗粒机养技术，以4%、8%、12%和16%葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕,测定各组日粮体外产气量、发酵参数、营养物质体外消化率及肉牛生长性能。[结果]随着体外发酵时间的增加，累计产气量呈递增趋势颗粒机，12%葡萄籽渣组产气量最大，各组之间72 h总产气量差异不显著(P>0.05)；产气后人工瘤胃培养液pH值、NH3-N浓度和菌体蛋白含量各组无显著(P>0.05)差异，试验组挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著(P颗粒机<0.05)升高；16%葡萄籽渣组干物质消化率最低，对照组粗蛋白消化率显著(P<0.05)高于试验组，对照组和4%葡萄籽渣组中性洗涤纤维消化率显著(P<0.05)高于其他三组，对照组和12%葡萄籽渣组颗粒机酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著(P<0.05)高于其他三组；4%和8%葡萄籽渣组肉牛平均日增重较对照组分别高170 g/d和140 g/d。[结论]葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕可以提高瘤胃挥发性颗粒机脂肪酸含量，添加4%和8%葡萄籽渣可以提高肉牛日增重，促进瘤胃发酵，有利于提高肉牛生长性能。

【Abstract】[Objective] To investigate the effects of di颗粒机fferent levels of grape seed pomace (GSP) replacing partial corn and cottonseed meal in concentrate 颗粒机supplements on in vitro rumen gas production, in vitro nutrient digestibility, fermentation paramete颗粒机rs, and growth performance of Simmental cattle. [Method] Using the rumen simulation technique, corn 颗粒机and cottonseed meal in concentrate supplements were partially replaced by GSP at proportions of 4%, 颗粒机8%, 12% and 16%, respectively. The in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, and in vitro nu颗粒机trient digestibility of each group were measured. In addition, the growth performance of the cattle 颗粒机fed with diets in which corn and cottonseed meal were partially replaced by different levels of GSP 颗粒机was evaluated. [Result] The cumulative gas production increased as the in vitro fermentation period 颗粒机extended. The 12% GSP group produced the most gas, and there was no significant ( P > 0.05) differen颗粒机ce in total gas production across the different groups at 72 h of fermentation. There were no signif颗粒机icant ( P > 0.05) differences in pH value, NH3–N concentration, or bacterial protein content in the 颗粒机artificial rumen fluid between the different groups after gas production. The concentrations of vola颗粒机tile fatty acids increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the experimental groups. The digestibility o颗粒机f dry matter was the lowest in the 16% GSP group. The digestibility of crude protein in the control 颗粒机group was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than that in the experimental groups. The digestibility o颗粒机f neutral detergent fiber in the control group and the 4% GSP group was significantly ( P < 0.05) hi颗粒机gher than that in the other three groups. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber in the control g颗粒机roup and the 12% GSP group was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than that in the other three groups.颗粒机 The average daily gain of the cattle in the 4% and the 8% GSP groups was 170 g/d and 140 g/d higher颗粒机 than that of the control group, respectively. [Conclusion] Replacement of partial corn and cottonse颗粒机ed meal in concentrate supplements with GSP improved the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in a颗粒机rtificial rumen fluid. Replacing proportions of 4% or 8% of GSP increased the daily gain and boosted颗粒机 the rumen fermentation of beef cattle, which was conducive to improving the growth performance.

颗粒颗粒机日粮中添加柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵及羊肉品质的影响

Effects of Adding Caragana korshinskii in Pelleted Diet on Growth 颗粒机Performance, Blood Biochemical Indicators, Ruminal Fermentation and Mutton Quality of Tan Sheep

【摘要】[颗粒机目的]研究颗粒日粮中添加柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵及羊肉品质的影响。[方法]选择体重相近的健康去势滩羊20只，随机分成两组，每组10只；对照组饲喂含有10%菊花粕的颗粒日粮，试验组饲喂颗粒机含有6%柠条和4%菊花粕的颗粒日粮；开展周期为50天的育肥试验，测定滩羊的生长性能指标；育肥试验结束后，测定滩羊血液生化指标；屠宰后测定滩羊的屠宰性能指标，并取瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标；取背腰最长肌，测颗粒机定粗脂肪、粗蛋白、氨基酸含量以及脂肪酸组成。[结果]试验组和对照组滩羊的初始体重和终末体重无显著（P>0.05）差异；试验组平均日增重较对照组降低10.84%，差异不显著（P>0.05）；对照组平均日颗粒机采食量显著（P<0.05）高于试验组；两组试验羊料肉比相同。试验组滩羊血清中的总蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组，其他血液生化指标无显著（P>0.05）差异。对照组滩羊屠宰率比试验组高1.59%颗粒机，差异不显著（P>0.05）；两组试验羊肝脏重、肝脏指数、心脏和肺脏重、心脏和肺脏指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验组滩羊瘤胃液中丁酸浓度显著（P<0.05）高于对照组，异戊酸浓度显著（P<0.05颗粒机）低于对照组。对照组和试验组滩羊背腰最长肌中分别检测出18种和20种脂肪酸，粗蛋白含量分别为17.51%和20.92%，粗脂肪含量分别为3.22%和3.89%，总氨基酸含量分别为13.25%和14.0颗粒机9%。[结论]颗粒日粮中加入柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能影响不明显，但可改善瘤胃发酵，丰富羊肉中脂肪酸组成及含量，增加肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量。

【Abstract】[Objecti颗粒机ve] To assess the effects of adding Caragana korshinskii in pelleted diet on growth performance, blo颗粒机od biochemical indicators, ruminal fermentation and mutton quality of Tan sheep. [Method] A total of颗粒机 20 healthy castrated Tan sheep with similar weights were selected and randomly divided into 2 group颗粒机s with 10 individuals for each group. The control group was fed with pelleted diet containing 10% ch颗粒机rysanthemum meal, and the experimental group was fed with pelleted diet containing 6% Caragana korsh颗粒机inskii and 4% chrysanthemum meal instead. A 50-day fattening experiment was conducted, and the growt颗粒机h performance indicators of the Tan sheep were determined; after the fattening experiment, the blood颗粒机 biochemical indexes were measured; the slaughter performance indicators were evaluated, and the rum颗粒机inal fluid samples were collected after slaughter to assess the ruminal fermentation indicators; and颗粒机 the contents of ether extract, crude protein and amino acids as well as the contents and compositio颗粒机n of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were determined. [Result] No significant ( P > 0.05) di颗粒机fferences in initial weights and final weights in the fattening experiment between the experimental 颗粒机group and the control group were observed; while the average daily gain of the experimental group wa颗粒机s reduced by 10.84% compared with the control group, and no significant difference was found ( P >0.颗粒机05); the average daily feed intake of the control group was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than th颗粒机at of the experimental group; and the two groups had the same feed to gain ratio. The experimental g颗粒机roup had significantly ( P < 0.05) higher serum total protein concentration compared with the contro颗粒机l group, and there were no significant ( P > 0.05) differences in the other tested blood biochemical颗粒机 indexes. The slaughter rate of the control group was 1.59% higher than that of the experimental gro颗粒机up, but no significant ( P > 0.05) difference was observed; there were no significant ( P > 0.05) di颗粒机fferences in liver weights, liver indexes, heart and lung weights and heart and lung indexes between颗粒机 the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group had significantly ( P < 0.05) 颗粒机higher butyric acid concentration and significantly ( P < 0.05) lower isovaleric acid concentration 颗粒机in ruminal fluid compared with the control group. A total of 18 and 20 kinds of fatty acids were det颗粒机ermined in longissimus dorsi muscle of the control group and the experimental group, respectively. T颗粒机he contents of crude protein, ether extract and total amino acids of the control group and the exper颗粒机imental group were 17.51% and 20.92%, 3.22% and 3.89%, and 13.25% and 14.09%, respectively. [Conclus颗粒机ion] Addition of Caragana korshinskii in pelleted diet has no obvious impacts on most of the indicat颗粒机ors associated with growth performance, blood biochemistry and slaughter performance of Tan sheep, b颗粒机ut improves the ruminal fermentation and enriches the fatty acids composition and concentrations as 颗粒机well as increases the contents of crude protein, ether extract and total amino acids in mutton.

不同颗颗粒机粒日粮对滩羊育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Different Pelleted Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient A颗粒机pparent Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Fattening Tan Sheep

【摘要】旨在探究不同颗粒日粮对育肥羊生长性能、养分颗粒机表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取体重相近、(70±10)日龄的滩羊羯羔羊60只，随机分为4组：对照组(n=15)、试验Ⅰ组(n=15)、试验Ⅱ组(n=15)、试验Ⅲ组(n=15)。对照组饲喂自配全颗粒机混合日粮(40%自配精饲料+60%自配粗饲料)，试验Ⅰ组饲喂50%自配全混合日粮(20%自配精饲料+30%自配粗饲料)+50%育肥羊全混合颗粒饲料，试验Ⅱ组饲喂育肥羊全混合颗粒饲料，试验Ⅲ组饲喂45%颗粒机颗粒化精补料+55%草颗粒饲料。饲喂试验预试期16 d，正试期87 d。测定各组育肥羊的试验初重和试验末重，计算试验期间的平均日增重。记录各组育肥羊的采食情况，计算平均日采食量和料重比。饲喂试验结束时颗粒机，采用常规方法测定并比较各组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率，以及血清生化指标。结果表明，试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重最高，显著(P<0.05)高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组，极显著(P<0.01)颗粒机高于对照组；试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量显著(P<0.05)低于试验Ⅰ组和对照组；试验Ⅱ组的料重比最低，分别比对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组降低了60.63%、35.69%、9.41%。试验Ⅱ组的干物质、有机物颗粒机、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均高于其他3组，其中，粗蛋白质的表观消化率与其他3组差异均显著(P<0.05)。各组育肥羊血清生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上提示，饲喂全混合颗粒日粮能够颗粒机改善滩羊育肥羊生长性能，提高养分表观消化率，对育肥羊健康无明显影响。

【Abstract】This study aimed to assess the effects of different pell颗粒机eted diets on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum biochemical indexes in 颗粒机fattening sheep. A total of 60 wether lambs at ages of 70 ±10 days of Tan sheep with similar weights颗粒机 were selected and randomly divided into a control group ( n = 15), an experimental group Ⅰ ( n = 15颗粒机), an experimental group Ⅱ ( n = 15), and an experimental group Ⅲ ( n = 15). The control group fed 1颗粒机00% self-prepared total mixed ration (40% self-prepared concentrate + 60% self-prepared forage), the颗粒机 experimental group Ⅰ fed 50% self-prepared total mixed ration (20% self-prepared concentrate + 30% 颗粒机self-prepared forage) + 50% commercially available total mixed pelleted diet for fattening sheep, th颗粒机e experimental group Ⅱ fed 100% commercially available total mixed pelleted diet for fattening sheep颗粒机, and the experimental group Ⅲ fed 45% pelleted concentrate supplement + 55% pelleted forage. The fe颗粒机eding experiment included a 16 days pre-test period and an 87 days formal test period. The experimen颗粒机tal fattening sheep in different groups were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, and颗粒机 the average daily gains during the feeding experiment were calculated. The feed intakes were observ颗粒机ed and recorded, and the average daily feed intakes and feed/gain were calculated. At the end of the颗粒机 feeding experiment, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ne颗粒机utral detergent fiber as well as the serum biochemical indexes were determined using routine methods颗粒机. The indicators associated with growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum bioc颗粒机hemical indexes among different groups were statistically compared. The results showed that the high颗粒机est average daily gain was observed in experimental group Ⅱ, which was significantly ( P < 0.05) hig颗粒机her than those of the experimental group Ⅰ and the experimental group Ⅲ, and was extremely significa颗粒机ntly ( P < 0.01) higher than that of the control group; the average daily feed intake of the experim颗粒机ental group Ⅱ was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower than those of the experimental group Ⅰ and control颗粒机 group; the experimental group Ⅱ had the lowest feed/gain, which was decreased by 60.63%, 35.69%, an颗粒机d 9.41% compared to the control group, the experimental group Ⅰ, and the experimental group Ⅲ, respe颗粒机ctively. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral deterg颗粒机ent fiber of experimental group Ⅱ was higher than those of the other three groups, and a significant颗粒机 ( P < 0.05) difference was observed in the apparent digestibility of crude protein. There were no s颗粒机ignificant ( P > 0.05) differences in serum biochemical indexes among different groups. In summary, 颗粒机feeding a total mixed pelleted diet improves the growth performance and increases the nutrient appar颗粒机ent digestibility of the fattening Tan sheep, and has no obvious affection on their health.

期刊推荐·Reco颗粒机mmend Journal

《畜牧与饲料科学》是由内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院主管、主办的学术期刊。刊物创刊于1973年，原刊名为《内蒙古畜牧科学》，2003年更改为现刊名。

《畜牧与饲料科学》的办刊宗旨是：颗粒机面向畜牧业生产与科学研究，开展学术讨论与交流，重点报道内蒙古自治区及国内外畜牧业相关领域的前沿创新成果和突破性学术观点，为推动我国畜牧业科技创新服务；

刊物的栏目设置包括：基础研究、动物营养与饲料科学、颗粒机动物生产与管理、动物遗传与繁育、草业科学、智慧畜牧业、畜牧经济与信息、畜牧资源与环境、食品科学、动物疾病防控。

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